1.What is the term that means “New Stone Age?”
2.The population of the animals and plants began to increase for what reason? 3.Why were people in the Neo-Lithic Era no longer able to be nomadic? 4.What does the term agriculture mean? 5.People began to build larger cities, small towns, and villages for what reason? 6.How does irrigation work?
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1.How did irrigation help early civilizations?
2.Why did civilizations domesticate animals? 3.How did domesticating plants help early civilizations? 4.What was one positive effect of shifting to an agricultural community from a hunter-gatherer community? 5.What was one negative effect of establishing an agricultural community? 6.How are hunter-gatherer communities and agricultural communities different, and how did they come about? Lesson 2: The Beginnings of Agriculture
Objective/standard: Students can explain, summarize, identify, illustrate, and synthesize the emergence of agriculture and its effect on early human communities, including the domestication of plants and animals, the impact of irrigation techniques, and subsequent food surpluses. •The domestication of animals and irrigation of land were necessary steps toward civilization •Civilization – A place of intellectual, cultural, and material development in human society. Agriculture and the Impact of Irrigation •Agriculture – Farming and growing plants and crops for food. •Irrigation helped early civilizations(Agricultural communities) because it could supply water to crops. People could use water however they wanted. •A river supplies water necessary to irrigate fields. The Domestication of Plants and Animals •Domestication – the taming of wild plants and animals by humans. •Herded animals are domesticated. It means they are tamed or trained by humans. •One effect of the domestication of animals that had on early civilizations was that people were able to create a new species of animal. •Civilizations domesticated animals because they wanted to create a new breed of animal like cattle or pigs. •Traits – qualities or characteristics. •Propagation – reproduction or spread. •Domesticating plants helped early civilizations because it allowed farmers to grow plants they wanted. Advantages and Disadvantages of an Agricultural System •Sedentary – living permanently in one place. •One positive effect of shifting to an agricultural community from a hunter-gatherer community was that people invented larger tools that were not portable. •The use of both irrigation and domestication led to bigger harvests of crops for farmers. •One negative effect of establishing an agricultural community was that people had to live with waste and pollution. Harvesting and Food Surpluses •Surplus – An amount greater than what people need and can use. •People were growing so many crops to where they did not need all them in order to survive. This created waste and pollution. Diseases spread because of the overuse of dead animals that were not being eaten. Differences Between Hunter-Gatherers and Agricultural Communities •Hunter-Gatherers moved from place to place and found food wherever it grew while Agricultural Communities stayed in one place and grew their own food. Agricultural Communities were built around farming. 1. ________ ________ was a small group of people living closely together and surviving by hunting animals and gathering plants for food.
2. Why did the Hunter Gatherers move around a lot? 3. What kind of social structure was found most often in hunter-gatherer communities? 4. What does it mean to be nomadic? 5. Who were the Proto-Humans? 6. In which age were humans able to walk from Asia into Alaska when the Earth was covered with ice? Lesson 1: Hunter-Gatherer Communities
Objective/standard: Students shall analyze the hunter gatherer communities in regard to their geographic, social, and cultural characteristic, including adaptation to natural environment. •______-________ Community – A small group of people living closely together and surviving by hunting animals and gathering plants for food. •________- They move from place to place. •They move when they use up the ________ Resources – Materials found in nature that can be used for survival. (Example: vegetables, water, and fire wood) •Theory: ___________- Ancient groups of people from whom modern humans have evolved. •They existed on Earth millions of years ago. •The first humans lived in Africa and then migrated to Europe and Asia. •13,000 years ago humans migrated to the _______. •Hunter-_______ died out 10,000 years ago. •___________ - The practice of farming and raising animals for food. •They ________ to their environment. •______ - They used natural resources for food, shelter, and tools. •10,000 years ago they learned how to start ______. Cultural Forms of Expression •Pre-historic hunter-gatherers had a basic language. •*_________ language was not used by the Hunter-Gatherers. •Hunter-Gatherers did ______ images in the form of expression. •20,000 years ago – A 4 inch tall stature known as the “Venus of Willendorf” was carved out of stone. |
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February 2018
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