Students will create a timeline of events leading to leading to Sherman’s March during the Civil War to the end of Reconstruction. Dates are required and the sequence of events must be chronologically accurate. Students will create a model in the likeness of a an architectural form for Cities like Atlanta and Columbia which were renowned for such tall buildings from the 1800s. Students must have at least 10 different events. For example, the first event should be when Sherman marched on Atlanta and burned it to the ground. The last should be the Reconstruction era and how the city of Atlanta is built back up. The remaining eight sections however, are for the student to decide. The events must be chronologically correct. They must have a summary explaining how Atlanta was marched on by General William T. Sherman, the governmental structure of the Union Army vs. the Confederate Army, how Atlant went from a being a Confederate controlled city to a Union Controlled nearly destroyed city, Southern American Architecture, how Atlanta fell, and how it was reconstructed after the 25 years after the Civil War with Jim Crow laws put in place of slavery.. The project must include:
Materials for class: Poster board or shoe box, drawing or construction paper, glue gun and glue sticks or super glue, pop sickle sticks, civil war army men or regular army men, card board cut outs, scissors, paint, and colored pencils.
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8. What was the Gilded Age? Named by Mark Twain, this was the time after the Civil War when Americans were more interested in business and gaining wealth than in moral crusades. 9. What were the results of the Election of 1876? Louisiana and South Carolina Democrats made a Compromise with the Republican Party that if they would allow Rutherford B. Hayes to become President, the Federal government would have to agree to withdraw Union troops from the South. This allowed racist southern white Democrats to take over the state governments which was called the Compromise of 1877. 10. What were conditions like in South Carolina at the end of the war? South Carolina was in ruins because of Sherman’s march, Columbia had been burned to the ground, and Charleston had suffered fires and bombardment, most of the wealth was consumed by the war, 400,000 slaves were freed, South Carolina was divided into 9 districts that were run by union soldiers, and the Freedman’s bureau was set up in Beaufort. 11. What were the results of Presidential Reconstruction in South Carolina? May 20th, Johnson Pardoned former Confederates who took the oath of allegiance and upheld emancipation of slaves, South Carolina adopted the state Constitution of 1865 that adopted some elements of Jacksonian Democracy, Black Codes were enforced through S.C. that regulated the behavior of African Americans including interracial marriage and no voting rights, and South Carolina also rejected the 14th Amendment. 12. How did Congressional Reconstruction make an impact on South Carolina? South Carolina was put under military rule in which it was apart of the 2nd Military district of the Carolinas, and black Jurors were purposely picked for Court proceedings to try local white convicts. 13. What groups made up the South Carolina Republican Party? Set up in 1867, the groups included the Freedmen’s Bureau, freedmen, former free blacks, carpetbaggers, scalawags and the Union League. 14. What four groups made up the radical leadership in the state? freedmen, former free blacks, carpetbaggers, scalawags 15. Why was the Constitution of 1868 more Democratic than earlier state constitutions? It provided universal male suffrage, districts were changed to counties, representation in the Lower house was based on population alone and not wealth, public education was provided for all races, divorce became legal, and women were finally allowed to own property. 16. How did Churches and education change during Reconstruction? African Americans wanted equality with whites but they preferred separated churches from white dominated congregations and the African American churches formed schools and colleges. 17. Why did Klan violence break out in the state? It was because of the new rights that African Americans were given by the Constitution of 1868. Violence broke out across S.C. in 1870 and many African Americans were murdered by the KKK across the state. 18. What was the response of Democratic leaders to violence in the state? Democratic leaders held a series of Taxpayers’ Conventions to protest the fraud and decided the time had come to end radical rule. Democratic leaders were more interested in getting rid of government corruption but not interested in getting rid of the violence in the state. 19. How was Hampton’s election connected to the 1876 Presidential election? Wade Hampton’s election to State Governor was around the same time as Rutherford B. Hayes election to the U.S. Presidency. Because of the states of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, the U.S. Presidential election hinged while the South Carolina governor election was hinged by their own election which had two governors for 4 months. As a result, the compromise of 1877 came about allowing Wade Hampton to become Democratic ex-Confederate General governor of S.C. while Rutherford B. Hayes becomes Republican President of the United States. 1. How many colonies were represented at the First Continental Congress? (Hint: Not all colonies were there.) 12
2. Who was appointed by the 2nd Continental Congress to be the army’s commander and later first U.S. President? George Washington 3. Which U.S. document was adopted by the 2nd Continental Congress that proclaimed the American Colonies free from Great Britain? Declaration of Independence 4. What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation? To set up a government to unite the colonies as a American States. 5. What was the first problem with the Articles of Confederation? Congress could not tax the states for financing an American army 6. Which delegate from South Carolina attended the Philadelphia Convention? Charles Pinkney 7. South Carolina supported which plan to improve the U.S. Constitution? Virginia Plan 8. What are the two U.S. houses of Congress? Senate and the House of Representatives 9. During the Philadelphia Convention, what was decided about how to represent enslaved people in the government? Three-fifths of all enslaved people would be counted. 10. South Carolina didn’t like the Federal Government Limitations of which form of trade? Slave trade 11. What were the Federalists in support of? Strong national government 12. South Carolina is divided between which two regions? Upcountry & Lowcountry 13. Which of the following describes South Carolina’s Lowcountry? Made up of coastline ports and large plantation farms 14. What were two of the issues on which the Upcountry and Lowcountry disagreed? Location of the state capital and representation in the General Assembly 15. Which city was created in 1786 and became the state’s new capital? Columbia 16. Who invented the cotton gin in 1793? Eli Whitney 17. Which invention resulted in an increased need for slave labor in the Upcountry? Cotton gin 18. Antebellum is a Latin word meaning “before the war.” The antebellum era of South Carolina was right before which war?American Civil War 19. How did slavery impact plantation owners? It made the plantation owners very wealthy. 20. Who were the slave owners that treated their slaves like their own children and often rewarded them for obedience to the master and his family living on the plantation? Paternal slave owners 21. Slaves weren’t allowed to legally do what? Read or write 22. How often were Slaves given food rations? Once every two weeks 23. How would slaves go about protesting if they could not cause riots? Destroy property, work slower, or pretend they were sick. 24. Who was the self-educated freed slave that planned a large uprising in Charleston? Denmark Vessey 25. What is one way that enslaved people formed communities and kept their hopes alive? Through church and praying that one day they will be free. ●South Carolina - the first state to ratify the Articles of Confederation.
–First problem with the Articles – Congress could not tax the States. ●The American Confederacy was short of money to finance the war. ●Representatives from the 2nd Continental Congress met in the Hall of the Independence - It was created to ratify the Articles of Confederation. –Under the Confederation the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1783. ●AMERICA FINALLY WON IT’S INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN & THE WAR WAS OVER in 1783!!!!!!!!! ●The American Revolution lasted 8 long years. ●Laurens helped negotiate the peace treaty ●1787 – Years after the American government had finally been established – The Philadelphia Convention was held. –_Constitutional Convention – It was a meeting to draft the U.S. Constitution in the State House, called Independence Hall, in Philadelphia from May 25 to Sept. 17th, 1787. –55 delegates from 12 of 13 states took part. –*Charles Pinkney was the delegate from South Carolina that attended the Philadelphia Convention. ●In the convention, the Delegates debated the laws & structure the U.S. Government should have in the Constitution. ●At Constitutional Convention - Delegates looked to two plans that inspired the U.S. Constitution. –_Virginia Plan – A two house legislature. ●The Population of each state would determine the number of representatives. ●South Carolina supported the Virginia Plan –_New Jersey Plan – A congress that consist of the same number of representatives for each state. ●Result – A compromise was reached. ●_Great Compromise - Agreement to create two houses, the senate and the House of Representatives, in the Congress –Senate – Upper house of Congress would have two representatives per state, regardless of size, so that all states would be represented equally. –_House of Representatives – Lower house of Congress would be represented by a number of people based on states’ Population.●Another Issue – Slavery was discussed at the Philadelphia convention. ●South Carolina wanted enslaved people to be counted in their population size. ●Slaves could not be freed but S.C. still wanted them to be represented –The Northern states did not want slaves to be represented. –Result - *During the Philadelphia Convention, Three-Fifths of all enslaved people would be represented in the government. ●South Carolinians were disappointed. 1.South Carolina created it’s First Constitution before which document was signed?
2.How many colonies were represented at the First Continental Congress? 3.Who were the South Carolinians that signed the Articles of Association? 4.Who was appointed by the 2nd Continental Congress to be the army’s commander? 5.Which U.S. document was adopted by the 2nd Continental Congress that proclaimed the American Colonies free from Great Britain? 6.What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation? Lesson 11: A New American Nation
●South Carolina created it’s First Constitution before the Declaration of Independence was signed. ●It was first of the 13 Colonies to do so. ●South Carolina’s First Constitution –Legislature with two houses: ●Commons House of Assembly – Represents the citizens of South Carolina. ●Upper House – Elected by the Commons. ●President – Elected by the Upper House of Legislature & had power to veto laws. ●The Constitution also caused tension between the Upcountry and Lowcountry of South Carolina. ●1778 – South Carolina adopts a Second Constitution 2 years after the Declaration of Independence. ●The 2nd Constitution dropped the Church of England as a state supported church. –It smoothed things over between the Upcountry & Lowcountry. The First Continental Congress- A body of some 55 representatives appointed by legislatives of 12 North American Colonies ●Articles of Association – Petition of Grievances against Great Britain by the American Colonies , and a united decision to impose economics to pressure a resolution – 1774. ●Apart of Articles of Association – South Carolinians Thomas Lynch, Christopher Gadsden, & Gov. John Rutledge signed it. –S.C. Governor John Rutledge drafted a letter to the King of England explaining the harsh punishments of the Intolerable Acts in the Colonies. The Second Continental Congress ●Second Continental Congress_ - A body of delegates from the 13 colonies that met in Philadelphia shortly after the Revolutionary war began. –The War began in 1775 –The Congress first met & created the Continental Army to fight against the British. George Washington was appointed by the Congress to be the army’s commander ●The Second Continental Congress Adopted – The Declaration of Independence – the U.S. document that announced on July 4th, 1776 that the American Colonies should be proclaimed free from Great Britain. –At First – S.C. delegates voted against independence. –In a second vote – S.C. delegates changed their minds & voted in favor of Independence from Great Britain. ●*The Four South Carolina Signers of the Declaration of Independence – Governor Rutledge, Lynch, Arthur Middleton, & Thomas Heyward Jr. ●South Carolinian Henry Laurens – President of the Continental Congress ●*Articles of Confederation - The First Constitution of the United States. –It was adopted to united all colonies as states in 1781. The Battle of Camden
●1780 – In Camden, S.C. the Continental Army led by General Horatio Gates & the British Army led by General Cornwallis fought each other. –First – They met at night & fought a small battle –Finally – They met the next morning & fought a full blown battle. ●The Continental Army lost the Battle of Camden. ●Why? *Because half of Gates’ Continental Army ran away during the battle. –Result – Many Patriots lost their lives & the British controlled most of South Carolina. The Battle of Kings Mountain ●Battle of Kings Mountain – A major success for the Patriots or Continental Army. ●They defeated the Tories –It was fought by militia men & not trained Continental soldiers. ●*The Battle of Kings Mountain was a turning point in the war & was won by the Continental Army. –Mountain men hid behind rocks & trees in order to ambush the British. The Battle of Cowpens ●British General Cornwallis sent Colonel Banastre Tartleton & his troops to North Carolina. –The Continental Army heard about this & were getting ready. ●Continental Army General Daniel Morgan & his backwoodsmen teamed up with Patriot Guerilla Leader Andrew Pickens & his Partisan Guerilla militia. ●Morgan & Pickens fought against Tartleton at the Cowpens - A grazing area of cows. –Hence: Battle of Cowpens ●*The Battle of Cowpens is remembered for the non-traditional fighting tactics of General Morgan. –Example: Morgan placed his soldiers on hills that would make retreating impossible. ●First line of Troops – Partisan’s militiamen. –The militiamen would only fire two shots at the British & then move to the back of the group – They would try & trick the British. ●The Continental Army hid behind the Partisans & tricked the British into getting killed. ●The success of this battle – A surprising victory that changed the outcome of the war. –The British retreated to Virginia. –South Carolina had them on the run boys!!!!!! –AMERICAN PATRIOT VICTORY!!!!!! The Barbados Model
●Barbados - An economic system & a type of government developed in the West Indies. ●Plantation System – An elite ruling class and a large slave population. –British colonists tested this in Barbados. –Early 1600s ●The British took this Barbados model & used in the American Colonies. –The British traded Native American slaves for African slaves, molasses, rum, and sugar to the Carolina colony. ●Slave Importation to colonies – 1690s –Reason – Plantation owners believed they needed more slaves to crop rice & indigo. –Eliza Lucas Pinckney –South Carolina's economy was on the rise. –Eliza Pinckney successfully managed the first plantation in 1738 in the Carolina Colony. ●She took over the first plantation after her father died. –She perfected the growing of the indigo plant. ●The blue dye that came from the indigo plant was very valuable. ●Eliza Lucas Pinckney invented a new way to grow indigo. ●All of South Carolina benefited from Pinckney's hard work with indigo. Lesson 7: South Carolina and the French – British Rivalry France & Britain were both rivals. Reasons for Rivalry: Mercantilism & Trading Military conflicts They both wanted to be more powerful than the other. The French were not allowed to trade in South Carolina. Reason – South Carolina was a British colony South Carolina was indirectly affected by “The French & Indian War.” 1)Who had the first settlement in the Carolina region?
2)What caused the French settlers of Charlesfort to abandon the settlement? 3)Which town became the center of the English colony? 4)Describe a plantation. 5)Name the crop that was nicknamed Carolina gold. 6)The government of South Carolina was ruled by Eight nobles called________________. The History of European Settlement in South Carolina
•Spain, France, & England competed to colonize South Carolina. •*Spain had the first European settlement in the Carolina region. •1526 – _________________ – The First European settlement in what is now the United States. •Home to 600 people •100 were ________________ •Famine, diseases, & vengeful Natives caused the colony to be abandoned. Charlesfort •______________ led the first French settlement in Charlesfort – Near present day Beaufort. •The outpost – Port Royal •27 French People were left by Ribault on the settlement. •Ribault & His men - _____________- French Protestants that left France because of persecution – Ruling Catholics •They wanted to steal treasures from Spanish ships. •*Settlement of Charlesfort was later abandoned by the French settlers because of food shortages & struggles to stay alive. San Felipe •1566 - __________Fort San Felipe – Parris Island. •It’s where Charlesfort use to be. •Fort was destroyed and rebuilt in 1570. •Fort was destroyed again by Natives and later abandoned in 1587. Albemarle Point •*1670 - _________ settlers arrived in South Carolina. •The ___________ship from England arrived at Port Royal Harbor. •English & _________ _________ settlers successfully planted a colony in South Carolina. •In 1679, the English settlers sailed up North & made it to __________ Point. •In 1680, the English settlers moved up to ___________ ____________. •*Charles Town became the center of the English colony. •It’s name was later changed to Charleston. The English Colony •The first English settlers were from Barbados. •_________ sent them there. •The settlers created a strong economy through trade & _______ ______. •__________ - system or range of economic activity in a country, region, or community. •*Plantation - A large estate or farm on which crops are raised with workers living on the site. •*Enslaved Africans were workers on the plantation. •1700s – Majority of non-Native Americans living in S.C. - _______________. •*They grew rice (Carolina gold), Indigo, & cotton. •____________ made plantation owners very wealthy. •At first, __________ __________ were used as slaves but that ruined the trading relationship between Europeans and Native Tribes. •Africans were finally chosen to serve as slaves Government •South Carolina – Ruled by Lords Proprietors - Eight nobles loyal to the King of England. •The Proprietors appointed a ____________. •The Governor worked with the ____________ _____________. •________________ - General Assembly that made S.C. laws. Immigration •The Lords Proprietors encouraged other ___________ to move to the Province of Carolina. •1700s – Germans, __________, & Welsh Immigrants moved to South Carolina & settled. •Government of the Province of Carolina - _______________ - A system during colonial times in which people who paid for their travel to the Americas were given land; led to the development of the ____________ ___________. |
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