8. What was the Gilded Age? Named by Mark Twain, this was the time after the Civil War when Americans were more interested in business and gaining wealth than in moral crusades. 9. What were the results of the Election of 1876? Louisiana and South Carolina Democrats made a Compromise with the Republican Party that if they would allow Rutherford B. Hayes to become President, the Federal government would have to agree to withdraw Union troops from the South. This allowed racist southern white Democrats to take over the state governments which was called the Compromise of 1877. 10. What were conditions like in South Carolina at the end of the war? South Carolina was in ruins because of Sherman’s march, Columbia had been burned to the ground, and Charleston had suffered fires and bombardment, most of the wealth was consumed by the war, 400,000 slaves were freed, South Carolina was divided into 9 districts that were run by union soldiers, and the Freedman’s bureau was set up in Beaufort. 11. What were the results of Presidential Reconstruction in South Carolina? May 20th, Johnson Pardoned former Confederates who took the oath of allegiance and upheld emancipation of slaves, South Carolina adopted the state Constitution of 1865 that adopted some elements of Jacksonian Democracy, Black Codes were enforced through S.C. that regulated the behavior of African Americans including interracial marriage and no voting rights, and South Carolina also rejected the 14th Amendment. 12. How did Congressional Reconstruction make an impact on South Carolina? South Carolina was put under military rule in which it was apart of the 2nd Military district of the Carolinas, and black Jurors were purposely picked for Court proceedings to try local white convicts. 13. What groups made up the South Carolina Republican Party? Set up in 1867, the groups included the Freedmen’s Bureau, freedmen, former free blacks, carpetbaggers, scalawags and the Union League. 14. What four groups made up the radical leadership in the state? freedmen, former free blacks, carpetbaggers, scalawags 15. Why was the Constitution of 1868 more Democratic than earlier state constitutions? It provided universal male suffrage, districts were changed to counties, representation in the Lower house was based on population alone and not wealth, public education was provided for all races, divorce became legal, and women were finally allowed to own property. 16. How did Churches and education change during Reconstruction? African Americans wanted equality with whites but they preferred separated churches from white dominated congregations and the African American churches formed schools and colleges. 17. Why did Klan violence break out in the state? It was because of the new rights that African Americans were given by the Constitution of 1868. Violence broke out across S.C. in 1870 and many African Americans were murdered by the KKK across the state. 18. What was the response of Democratic leaders to violence in the state? Democratic leaders held a series of Taxpayers’ Conventions to protest the fraud and decided the time had come to end radical rule. Democratic leaders were more interested in getting rid of government corruption but not interested in getting rid of the violence in the state. 19. How was Hampton’s election connected to the 1876 Presidential election? Wade Hampton’s election to State Governor was around the same time as Rutherford B. Hayes election to the U.S. Presidency. Because of the states of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, the U.S. Presidential election hinged while the South Carolina governor election was hinged by their own election which had two governors for 4 months. As a result, the compromise of 1877 came about allowing Wade Hampton to become Democratic ex-Confederate General governor of S.C. while Rutherford B. Hayes becomes Republican President of the United States.
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