Chapter 4 Study Guide: Latin American Movements, Industrial Revolution, and the Napoleonic Era11/12/2017
2. Who is often described as “the George Washington of South America”?Simon Bolivar 3. Who started the speech that started the Mexican revolution?Father Hidalgo 4. When did Mexico become officially independent from Spain?September 28th, 1821 5. What powered the Steam Engine?Water 6. Which country finally switched from a farming economy to an Industrial economy?Great Britain 7. What is the economic system for the United States?Capitalist 8. Which two men inspired many workers to believe in Socialism?Marx and Engels 9. How did most people work before the Industrial Revolution?Most people worked on farms 10. What did the first factories make?Muskets 11. Before cotton was king, what winter clothing was used by most people?Wool 12. Who invented the Cotton Gin in 1793?Eli Whitney 13. In the factory system, what greatly increased the speed of clothing?Power loom 14. The ideas of mass production, division of labor, the assembly line, & interchangeable parts were all because of which time period?Industrial Revolution 15. The British defeated the French and won control of Egypt in which battle? Battle of the Nile 16. Who had absolute control over France and crowned himself Emperor in Dec. 1804? Napoleon Bonaparte 17. What was the alliance between Britain, Austria, Russia, Sweden, and the Italian city State of Naples? (Hint: They were all at War with Napoleon’s France.) Third Coalition 18. Out of 600,000 French soldiers, how many returned home from the invasion in Russia? 30,000 19. Napoleon’s downfall began with the invasion of what country? Russia 20. What battle became the final defeat of Napoleon?(Hint: This got him exiled to St. Helena) Battle of Waterloo
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Simon Bolivar & The Republic of Colombia
●1800 - Spain had already conquered & owned most of South America & Central America. –Spain even owned a large territory in North America. ●1808 – Napoleon’s French forces invaded Spain. –Napoleon replaced the Spanish King with his brother - Joseph Bonaparte. –A war between Spain & France lasted until 1814. ●Spanish owned Venezuela – –Capital – Caracus ●Regional Leaders wanted Independence from Spain. –Why? Because Napoleon now controlled it. ●July 5th, 1811 – Rebel leaders declared Venezuela Independent. –Response from Spain – Spanish troops came & defeated rebels. ●Rebel Leader - Simon Bolivar escaped to New Grenada(Now Colombia) ●Summer of 1813 – Bolivar started a revolutionary movement & took over the capital city of Caracus –A few battles later – Caracus was taken back by Spain ●Bolivar escaped back to New Grenada. ●1819 – Bolivar & his troops took over the capital city of Bogoto in New Grenada. ●_Simon Bolivar & his revolutionary movement liberated the countries of Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, & Bolivia from Spanish Control. –Bolivar – First President of Bolivia – Bolivia is named after him. ●Bolivar united all the countries he liberated as one country called the Republic of Colombia. –1829 – Those countries all separated but Colombia still remained. –Simon Bolivar is described as the “George Washington” of South America. Lesson 10: The French Revolution
●French Society – Everyone was born into a Caste System - A social system in which people’s lives are determined by heredity. –A French baby was either born into a family of commoners or nobility. ●French society was divided into 3 Estates: –First Estate: Roman Catholic Church Clergy –Second Estate: Rich Nobles including King & Queen –Third Estate: Three groups of people including the Bourgeoisie, city workers, & peasants. Beginning of the Revolution ●Estates General represented the 2nd Estate & the 3rdEstate. - It was disbanded by King Louis XVI ●Members create the National Assembly –National Assembly – Represented the 3rd Estate in fighting for rights against the nobility and calling for a Revolution. ●Tennis Court Oath, June 1789 – A pledge by the 3rdEstate to begin a democratic revolution in France. ●July 14, 1789 – The Storming of the Bastille – Angry mobs of people attacked a French prison and kill all who oppose them. Enlightenment - This sparked the French Revolution. ●“The Great Fear” - general panic that occurred between 17 July and 3 August 1789 at the start of the French Revolution. New Ideas of the Enlightenment ●The Enlightenment was a spark of the French Revolution –1789 – Catholic Church(1st Estate) was corrupt along with the Monarchy of King Louis XVI. –Enlightenment Philosopher Voltaire spoke out against the Monarchy & the Catholic Church. ●The Humanists believed in human rights –Humanists in France inspire people to revolt against King Louis XVI & the Church because they were pushing for more tolerance and more freedom. The Revolution is Underway ●The Bastille - A prison and armory in Paris. –Besides being a torturous Prison with a instruments like the stretcher – it was also an __________ - It contains gunpowder, muskets, swords, & canons. ●Main Importance of the Revolution – An open rebellion against a tyrant king who was accused of stealing from the commoners. ●August 28th, 1789 - Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen - A French document modeled after the Declaration of Independence and the Philosophies of the Enlightenment. ●Oct. 1789 – King Louis XVI & Queen Marie Antoinette escaped the Royal Palace in Versailles. –Caught & Imprisoned in Paris. –Sept. 1792 – France declared a Republic. –1793 – King Louis & Marie Antoinette – Beheaded by Guilotine. ●French Republic – Led by DictatorMaximilien Robespierre & the Directory. –Robespierre executed by guillotine by his own people . Directions:Copy down all of the notes and look for the fill in the blanks on pages 54 through 56 in the 7th Grade PASS Coach book.
●Before the modern age – the ________ was in charge of explaining the knowledge of the natural world. ●__________ - An early form of chemistry based partly on religion and magic. ●_______________ - A period between 1550 to 1700 during which a number of important advances in science were made. Nicolaus Copernicus, Great Scientific Leaps ●Nicolaus Copernicus from ______ (1473 – 1543) –Earth rotates on an axis once a day & revolves around the _______. Tycho Brahe & Johannes Kepler, Elliptical Orbits ●Tycho Brahe (1546 -1601) of Denmark – Astronomer –He built many instruments of the study of planets. ●His Assistant – Johannes Kepler – He explained & proved Copernicus’ theory showing the Earth & other planets orbited around the sun in an elliptical circle. Galileo Galilei, Science vs. Church ●____________(1564 – 1642) – Italian astronomer & mathematician. * He is said to have contributed more to astronomy than anybody else. –Built the first telescope to look at the planets & the stars. –Physics -Every action has a reaction. ●1633 – Galileo was charged with crimes against the church & _______ because he supported a book about the theories of ___________. Francis Bacon ●___________ (1561 – 1626) ●____________- Step-by-step process which scientists use to test ideas in experiments Isaac Newton, Preeminent Scientist of the Scientific Revolution ●Isaac Newton (1642 – 1727) – From England –Famous for explaining the laws of Gravitation. –Newton's book Principia – Universal Law of Gravitation – A scientific law which states that any two objects exert a gravitational force of attraction on each other. 1.) Who was the Russian Czar that modernized Russia?
2.) Who was the writer of the Declaration of Independence? 3.) What term was a common priority to the philosophers in the Enlightenment? 4.) Who was the philosopher whose ideas can be found in Socialism and Communism? 5.) What are the three branches of government? 6.) One of his ideas was "separation of powers." Who was this philosopher? Unlimited Government in Russia
●Russian government – 1700s – Authoritarian Government ●Czar Peter the Great had a big influence over Russia in modern advances. ●Czar - A king or Emperor of Russia. –He modernized Russia's military & industries. –He built shipping canals for trading. –He did away with Russia's old traditional ways. –Czar Peter the Great used Authoritarianism- A form of government in which leaders are not freely elected; government in which a dictator has absolute control. Lesson 7: The Enlightenment's Influence ●Enlightenment- A 17th and 18th century movement that focused on the principles of compassion, goodwill, and a belief in individual liberty. ●Philosophy- A set of laws that provide a sensible explanation of a given subject. ●The Philosophies were enlightenment writers ●Reasons to Human Condition: –First Reason: "State of Nature" - A time before society was organized & politicized. –Second Reason: "Social Contract" - The government was created as an agreement between social groups for structure. John Locke •Locke’s Social Contract Theory - A government exist only if the people that the government represents approve of the government & the laws that it creates. –John Locke’s Ideas: •Life •Liberty •Pursuit of Property •Locke’s ideas influenced the founding fathers of the Enlightenment. –Thomas Jefferson was influenced to write the Declaration of Independence - A document explaining the reasons the American colonies wanted to be free of Great Britain’s government; the Second Continental Congress approved it on July 4th, 1776. •*Freedom was a common priority to the philosophers in the Enlightenment. Jean-Jacques Rousseau •1700s - Rousseau - A big Enlightenment influence during the French Revolution •Rousseau’s Ideas: –Property should be owned by the government & not by private individuals –Government – More control over the freedom, equality, & Justice of people. •Rousseau’s ideas can be found in communism & socialism. –Karl Marx’s Communism - Government owns all the country’s land & Industries –Vladimir Lenin’s Communism- First used in Russia – Ownership of Land & Industries should be shared by all people. Baron de Montesquieu •Montequieu wrote “The Spirit of Laws” – 1748 –Montesquieu’s Ideas – A government should be divided in three branches of government. •Executive Branch •Judicial Branch •Legislative Branch –This is called the Separation of Powers. –These 3 branches were adopted and put in the United States Constitution. 1.Define Neutrality Acts.
2.What were the two major World War II battle theatres? 3.What concept enabled Hitler’s Nazi Germany to take control of Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia? 4.What was the significance of the D-Day invasion of Normandy in 1944? 5.Which WWII battle has been recorded as the bloodiest battle in human history? 6.Name the two cities that were bombed in Japan. 7.Who won the war against the Japanese in the Pacific Theater? Major Turning Points in WWII
•Appeasement enabled Hitler’s Nazi Germany to take control of Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia before World War II. •The significance of the D-Day invasion of Normandy in 1944 made World War II a two front war. •United States fought in the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Northern Africa, and Europe. –USA fought against the Axis powers. •*World War II was a larger war than World War I. –Reason: More countries were involved and the war was fought on more continents. •Battles of World War II were fought on the European Theater and Pacific Theater. •European Theater: WWII battles were fought on the western and Eastern fronts of Europe. •June 6th, 1944 – D-Day was the allied invasion led by General Dwight D. Eisenhower (later U.S. President). - Allied forces of American troops, British Troops, & French Resistance Fighters fought on the beaches of Normandy, France. •Battle of Normandy was a success – There were many deaths but the German army was defeated. –Result – The tide of war in the Eastern Front had turned. •1943 – Battle of Stalingrad – Major turning point on the Eastern Front. •German Army invaded Stalingrad, Russia. –Goal: Nazis were attempting to defeat the Soviet Union. –Result – The Germans lost to the Soviets. •*The Battle of Stalingrad has been recorded as the bloodiest battle in human history. –Between 1 – 2 million civilians & soldiers died in Russia. Directions: Students must write down all questions and answers to this study guide as it goes along with last social studies standards for 7th Grade. They also need to study over these notes.
2. In what way did the Truman Doctrine attempt to stop the spread of Communism? By providing financial and military aid to European countries 3. What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan? Provide aid to rebuild Europe 4. Why was NATO formed? From a fear that the Soviet Union would take over western Europe 5. Why was the Warsaw Pact formed? As a military alliance to combat a Western invasion of the U.S.S.R 6. What was the Purpose of the Berlin Wall? To keep West Germans from defecting to East Berlin 7. Who defeated the Nationalist and helped established the People’s Republic of China? Mao’s Communists 8. Who influenced North Korea into becoming a communist country? Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union 9. How did the Korean War end in 1953? A seize fire between the two Koreas and their supporting allies 10. What is the significance of the 38th parallel? It is the approximate border line between North and South Korea 11. Why did the United States enter the conflict of Vietnam? To stop the “domino effect” of Communist takeover 12. Who was the Communist leader of Vietnam? Ho Chi Minh 13. Who were the South Vietnamese Guerillas that were fighting for communism to unite all of Vietnam? The Vietcong 14. The Gulf of Tonkin incident was responsible for which of the following? Escalation of the Vietnam War 15. The United States placed _________ that restricted and blocked off the flow of goods to Cuba. Embargoes 16. What was the name of the failed Invasion to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba? The Bay of Pigs 17. Why did the U.S. and Soviet Union come close to destroying each other in a war? Soviet missiles in Cuba 18. The United States was the first country to do what? Use nuclear weapons 19. The Soviet Union was the first country to do what? Put a satellite into orbit 20. In 1969, the U.S. was the first nation to do what exactly? Send men to the moon. 21.Who was elected President of the Soviet Union in 1989? (Hint: He was also appointed Secretary of the Communist Party in 1985) Mikhail Gorbachev 22. List and describe Gorbachev’s ideas. (Hint: There were two.) "Perestroika"(Russian for restructuring) – Ideas that changes should be made in the USSR. "Glasknost" - Soviet political policy that stressed openness when discussing social problems 23. Which two countries were a part of the Baltic states that wanted their freedom from the Soviet Union? Estonia and Hungary 24.As Soviet troops began to invade Moscow to take control of the government, what did Boris Yeltsin do? Started a democratic protesting demonstration and stopped the coup. The coup was when the Soviet Troops were ordered by the Communist Party to take back the Russian government. 25.Which was a factor in the fall of the Soviet Union? The Un-Stabled economy. The Soviet Union no longer existed. The Russian Federation was established. 1.What countries were members of the Allied Powers?
2.What countries were members of the Axis Powers? 3.What was the ultimate cause of World War II? 4.Which German speaking nation did Germany take over in 1938? 5.Define Blitzkrieg. 6.Why did Great Britain finally declare war on Germany? (Hint: World War II Begins) |
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