Lesson 14: European Imperialism •Background: European continent was filled with rival nations to take over land. Age of Imperialism •Imperialism - Idea in which countries would conquer lands and peoples in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere. •European powers began to take over new lands and established new colonies. •New colonies provided raw materials such as cotton, rubber, oil, minerals, tea, sugar, & coffee. •Europeans also believed Christianity and European culture is more superior than other cultures. •*Great Britain created the largest & most powerful empire in the age of Imperialism. Empire Building •Victorian Era - People living during the British rule of Queen Victoria boasted “The Sun never sets on the British Empire.” •*India was called “The Jewel in the Crown” because they were considered the pride of the British Empire. •Raj - The British rule of India. •1857 – The Sepoy Rebellion (Sepoy Mutiny) – Indian troops rebelled against their British rulers. •Sepoy is a member of the Indian Army that had served under the British. •Result: The Rebellion was put down through brutal force & the British strengthened it’s hold on India. •Great Britain wanted a shorter water route to India. •British were interested in the Suez Canal in Egypt. •*The Suez Canal was important to the Europe-India Trade Route because the canal saved approximately 5,000 miles of sea travel. •The canal was French-made and completed in 1869. •The British purchased all of Egypt’s canal rights in 1875. European Influence in China •Great Britain colonized China •The British traded silk, tea, and porcelain with the Chinese. •The British brought in Opium to the Chinese from Japan. •Opium - A powerful and addictive drug. •Chinese demanded the British to stop delivering opium •The British refused. •First Opium War – A trade war between Great Britain and the Qing Empire in China from 1839 to 1842. •The British defeated China. •Result – Britain gained the Island of Hong Kong. •Shanghai & canton gave British special trading rights. •1856 - France and Great Britain teamed up against the Chinese in the “The Second Opium War. •This was an actual shooting war that opened up more trading ports between China & other European countries including Russia & Portugal. •*Result of both Opium Wars – Most trading ports in China were now being controlled by 4 European countries including Britain, France, Russia, & Portugal Australia and New Zealand •Great Britain colonized Australia and New Zealand. •The Colonists in Australia were criminals and convicts. •The Colonists pushed out the native tribes of Australia. •English colonists also pushed out the native Maori tribe in New Zealand. •Mid-1800s – A Maori rebellion was put down by the colonists. •Australia became independent from Britain in 1901 •New Zealand became independent from Britain in 1907. •Australia & New Zealand both remained British dominions. •Dominions - Lands that the British colonized and made part of the British common wealth & were granted self-rule. Imperialism in Africa
•1884 to 1885 - Berlin Conference was held without African representation. •*Berlin Conference - In Berlin, Germany all major European nations met to discuss how they were going to divide up Africa and the process of taking over its landmasses. •Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, & Spain were the countries responsible for carving up Africa and taking over its lands. •*The only two countries that remained independent in Africa were Liberia and Ethiopia.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
May 2018
Categories |